A Hong Kong-based Filipina English teacher, Isabel F., recently
shared with me this story about the usage of a verb of destruction:
“I’m a longtime listener to BBC iPlayer Radio and early this
morning, I caught the program ‘The Why Factor’ hosted by Mike Williams. He read
out some of his listeners’ mail criticizing him for using the word ‘decimated’
to describe something that had been destroyed. They pointed out that
‘decimated’ really means having destroyed or killed 1 in 10, according to the historical
fact that Roman legions would kill 1 in 10 men as a form of punishment.
“Williams said he consulted an authority, British journalist and
writer Oliver Kamm, who told him that the criticism is pure pedantry because ‘decimated’
is accepted today to denote ‘destroy or demolish completely.’
“I thought that you, as a wordsmith, would be interested in this.”
My reply to Isabel F.:
Your account of how the verb “decimate” evolved definitely interests
me but not as a “wordsmith” in the context of being a word expert but only as
one who happens to work with words as a source of livelihood. I’m making that
distinction to make it clear that I’m not putting myself in the same league as Oliver
Kamm, whose book on grammar, Accidence
Will Happen: The Non-Pedantic Guide to English Usage, I featured in Jose
Carillo’s English Forum recently (http://tinyurl.com/o7tgt8o).
Yes, I absolutely agree with Kamm that it’s pure pedantry—the unimaginative
emphasis of minutiae in the use of knowledge—to insist that “decimated” be
limited to the sense of having destroyed or killed 1 in 10. That’s its original
sense, of course, having come from the Latin “decimatus,” for the practice of punishing mutinous Roman military
units by the brutal execution of one soldier, chosen by lot, in every 10.”
Over the centuries, however, “decimate” had evolved in usage to mean
“exacting a tax of 10 per cent.” It later lost the percentage aspect to mean just
“reducing drastically especially in number,” as in “Unchecked urban migration severely
decimated the rural population.” Eventually,
it also became generic for “causing great destruction or harm,” as in “Serious citizenship
and residency questions could decimate
the poll-survey frontrunner’s chances of winning the presidency.”
Those are vast leaps in the meaning of “decimate” as a verb of
destruction. But if some British English speakers find them disturbing, they
would likely be shocked—nay, infuriated—to know that English speakers elsewhere
in the world are even more aggressive in wordsmithing verbs like “decimate”
beyond recognition.
Among Filipino speakers of English, in particular, the verb
“salvage” has suffered an even worse fate. We all know that “salvage” normally means
to rescue or save someone or something from wreckage or ruin, as in “Victims of
Typhoon Lando came back to salvage
their belongings from their devastated homes.” In recent years, however,
“salvage” acquired the opposite meaning of “to kill” or “to assassinate,” as in
“Which is a better way to deal with a serial plunderer—to salvage him or jail him for life?”
The website ArchipelagoFiles.com describes that sense of “salvage”
matter-of-factly: “The word gets a whole new meaning when used in the
Philippines wherein it has become synonymous to murder. To salvage is to kill.
The word is often used by the media in referring to murder cases wherein the
victims were put to death for being criminals. The victims are aptly called
salvage victims. So if you are reading this and you happen to be a
non-Filipino, consider yourself warned. When a Filipino says he’s going to
salvage you, he’s not going to save you, he’s going to do just the opposite.”
In a very real sense, therefore, the benign “salvage” has become a
verb of destruction in much the same way as “decimate”—only much deadlier.
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